The levels of the main greenhouse gases well mixed, which are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the most highest in the last 800,000 years, said physicist Angel Gomez, the Izana Atmospheric Observatory in Tenerife.
The study of the levels of greenhouse gases, which began in Hawaii in the fifties of last century, is also done in Tenerife since 1984, and as for the data on before that date, known by studying air bubbles trapped in the ice of Antarctica and Greenland, Gomez said.
The greenhouse effect has always existed but increased since the industrial revolution, said Angel Gomez, the Meteorological Agency said, adding that with this increase occurs at the surface a temperature rise, which is slow because the water depth oceans take long to warm up.
The greenhouse gases are measured Izaña hours a day every day of the year, and while nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are studied Since 2007, methane and carbon dioxide are analyzed since 1984.
Gómez explained that carbon monoxide (CO) is not a greenhouse gas, but influences the chemistry of methane yes it is, so that if more of something else first second.
The carbon monoxide and methane has a relatively short lifetime in the atmosphere because it remains in the first few months and second about nine years, while carbon dioxide remains for hundreds of years, nitrous oxide 120 and sulfur hexafluoride around 3,200 years.
The difference between the two types of gases is important because for the first one you can achieve a balance between emissions and destruction, in which case the gas concentration remain constant in the atmosphere, whereas the second gas concentration continues to grow as long as emissions.
This explains why the concentrations measured in Izaña always grow to carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride, whereas the concentration of methane had no growth periods, and even carbon monoxide decreases.
The expert said that the impact of emissions of gases in a moment of the future is measured by the potential of change Global Temperature (GTP), which is based on the change Media Global Surface Temperature (GMST) caused by such emissions horizons using as reference the resulting carbon dioxide.
The GTP a ten-year horizon for the current emissions of methane is almost equal to that caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, but is little more than half to a horizon of twenty years and negligible for a hundred-year horizon, as methane emitted hundred years before most will have been destroyed.
However, the GTP to the current emissions of nitrous oxide remains constant in those time horizons, as its half-life is long and similar to the dioxide carbon.
The average values of the background atmosphere measured in Izaña during 2014 showed that for every million molecules in the atmosphere 398.6 particles were carbon dioxide, methane 1.86, 0, 3277 nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride 0.00000842 0.0923 and carbon monoxide.
The average of carbon dioxide over the last decade annual growth has been 2.1 parts per million to year, while the increase of nitrous oxide was 0.00089 and increased sulfur hexafluoride 0.00000030.
The water vapor (H2O) is also an important greenhouse gas, but its concentration in the atmosphere varies greatly from location to location and height, for determining the emissions from the evaporation of liquid water oceans, lakes and rivers, evapotranspiration of plants and soil.
The concentration depends on complex meteorological factors such as temperature, wind, location of storms and anticyclones.
This gas disappears from the atmosphere through condensation in the form of liquid water clouds, which is returned to the surface . ground as rain
Therefore, the impact of water vapor in the greenhouse effect is taken into account as feedback: rising gas well mixed greenhouse temperature increases the lower atmosphere, and this temperature increase allows a greater amount of water vapor in the atmosphere can remain
. EFE
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