The jury of the Swedish Academy Royal of Sciences took advantage yesterday of the appeal of the meals to get to explain why you will be given the Nobel prize for Physics 2016 the trio of scientists british formed by David Thouless, Duncan Haldane and Michael Kosterlitz. Resorted to products of the bakery and showed a bagel, pretzel, and a thread of cinnamon. Seem to different in terms of their tastes and ways, but a specialist in the area of the "topology would put emphasis on that the bagel has a single hole; the pretzel with two holes; and the thread of cinnamon has no one.” In this way, the jury attempted to explain that the award-winning discovered states of exotic matter states (topological), and that the knowledge provided might be used to produce better systems of information storage, computers faster, and cooling systems less contaminants.
"The number of holes is what is known as a property of topological", explained jury member and professor of molecular physics, Mats Hansonn, pointing out that the thread of cinnamon, the bagel and the pretzel. "The concept of topology may not be familiar to you," he acknowledged to the press. Topology is the study of the material that deforms under the effect of certain forces, such as twisting, stretching, compression and break, without loss of its basic properties.
The trio, winner of the Nobel peace prize used the topology as a tool in the seventies to describe theoretically unknown states of matter. Kosterlitz and Thouless showed that one of the states topological, like superconductivity, could occur at low temperatures, and also explained the mechanism which causes it to disappear when the temperatures are high. Later, Haldane discovered how the concepts of topological can be applied to understand the properties of chains of small magnets in some materials.
The three winners were born in the Uk but are linked to u.s. universities today. To Kosterlitz, who quite shy, the news of the Nobel prize for Physics not found in the laboratory or lecturing. "Right now I’m in a parking lot in Helsinki," he told Swedish radio and the researcher. Is living two-month sabbatical in Finland. He is the son of an immigrant German jew. Born in 1942 in Aberdeen, Scotland. At this point already did not expect the Nobel prize, because he had spent a lot of time of your contribution. "I was nominated a few times. But today I was more than just surprised," said the physicist, who will celebrate with a few beers in finland with friends. Since 1982, Kosterlitz is a professor at Brown University in Providence, united States. Thouless has already turned 82 years old. The director of the Institute of Physics of Birmingham, Andy Schofield, described yesterday as a "gentleman" quiet and discreet. In your opinion, is a genius far ahead of his time. Since 1980, Thouless is a professor at the University of Seattle.
finally, Duncan Haldane clarified that it was not passed out "or anything similar" when he was informed that he was a winner. Was born in 1951 in London. After studying at Cambridge and Oxford left for the united States. Since 1990 he is professor at the University of Princeton, in New Jersey. The 10 of December the 3 men will receive in Sweden the prize than 930 000 dollars in total. And the Nobel prize for Physics will continue to be –unfortunately– the prize that fewer women have achieved since 1895: only earned Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1963.
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