Greenland | 16:29 // September 19, 2015
An international team of researchers, led by University of California, Berkeley (USA ), analyzed the genomes of 191 Greenlanders and has concluded that the Inuit and their Siberian ancestors have special mutations in related fat metabolism genes.
These mutations help them counteract some of the effects of a diet high in fat of marine animals, mainly seals and whales which in turn eat fish with high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
“The Inuit have unique genetic adaptations that can not be extrapolated to other populations. May be beneficial for them to ingest such amount of omega 3 fatty acids, but that does not mean it will be for the rest, “says Rasmus Nielsen, a professor of integrative biology at the American University and author of the study published Science .
Research reveals that genetic mutations found in almost 100% of Inuit are only found in 2% of Europeans and 15% the Han Chinese in China, which synthesize omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids different Greenlanders form.
Nielsen notes that this is the first evidence that human populations are adapted to particular diets. Also they differ in their physiological response to a given feed. According to scientists, the study of human genome could also dictate the diet to follow, as already provides specialized medical treatment.
For Matteo Fumagalli, a researcher at the University College in London (United Kingdom) and first author of the study, these mutations appear to be at least 20,000 years old and may have helped many human groups adapt to diets high in meat and fat. Its origin could come from the original Siberian who lived in the Arctic over the past thousands of years and traveled to Greenland where the Inuit were established more than a thousand years ago.
Among other things, mutations Inuit have allowed them to reduce their levels known as bad cholesterol, which explains why they have a lower predisposition to cardiovascular disease.
In addition, the genome has also influenced height. “The changes we have discovered have profound physiological effects alter the fatty acid profile of the body and reduce the height of the Inuit about two centimeters,” says Ida Moltke, a professor of Bioinformatics at the University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
“The height depends on many genes, but this particular mutation has one of the most powerful effects have been discovered,” concludes the expert.
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