The planning of public policies for the control of cancer involves addressing the various aspects of this problem: the biology of the disease, the scientific advances, the capacity of the coverage in relation to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment, without leaving aside the socio-economic context of the country and the habits of life of the people.
Given the heterogeneity of our population and availability of differentiated resources, the National Cancer Institute (INC) articulates the different strategic lines with different sectors that aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality due to cancer.
One of those lines has to do with the programs designed for cancers of the great mortality which has demonstrated effectiveness at the time of your control: the cervical, breast and colorectal. The three tumors on which it can act to prevent premature deaths using the techniques of screening, which are controls on asymptomatic population to detect the disease early, which increases the chances of treatment and cure, in some cases up to 90%.
The INC, through a Program of Cervical Cancer Prevention, is part of the comprehensive strategy for the prevention of this type of cancer developed by the Ministry of Health of the Nation, which includes primary prevention through vaccination against HPV (girls and boys starting at 11 years), and secondary prevention based on screening of women (with the PAP or the test of HPV). The INC leads the implementation of the test of HPV in different provinces, a strategy that proved to be effective not only to achieve the goal of coverage, but also for the detection of precancerous lesions and cancer.
with Respect to breast cancer (a pathology that represents the highest incidence in the country for both sexes, with more than 19,000 new cases per year), the INC is working to ensure equitable access of women with this disease, continuing care, comprehensive, and timely. To do this, we offer training to doctors across the country in relation to the clinical evaluation, mammary, has extended the control of the quality mammographic and works to improve the quality in pathological anatomy.
In relation to colorectal cancer (the second most common cancer in our country in both sexes), implemented pilot programs in different provinces, consisting in the realization of a screening through the test of occult blood in fecal matter inmunoquímico and colonoscopy complementary in cases with a positive result.
Another important aspect to address in relation to the detection of cancer has to do with the family tumors, and hereditary. In this aspect, the INC aims to improve the detection, management and prevention of high-risk groups of cancer at the national level.
With regard to palliative care, INC. promotes a health policy, a protest of pain relief as a human right. So who manages the Program of Public Production of Opioids as a way of establishing the mechanisms that ensure an ongoing provision and appropriate distribution of essential medicines for palliative care.
on the other hand, the INC aims to foster research in cancer in our country so as to broaden the knowledge about this issue and to strengthen the development of the scientific field. In this sense, scholarships are offered initial training and completion of doctorate and post-doctorate at the national level, and are awarded financial contributions to research projects in clinical, basic, social and epidemiological supervision at the national level. In relation to the training of human resources in cancer, the INC awards scholarships to health care professionals related to cancer care throughout the country, who travel to train in health centres of excellence.
Another key aspect of work in relation to public policy on cancer has to do with the records. So is that the INC through the Area of Surveillance and Reporting Epidemiological has implemented the Institutional Record of Tumors from Argentina (RITA) in 21 provinces of the country, which consolidated the Nationwide Network of Hospital Records of Cancer in Argentina, with more than 52,000 patients included. The registration of these data serves as input for the planning of the policies of the cancer.
finally, it is important to highlight the work that has to do with the dissemination of information and the awareness of the population in relation to cancer. On the 4th of February, date in which is commemorated the World Cancer Day, is a great opportunity for institutions working in the control of the disease can bring recommendations to citizens for them to know in what way they can see to their health, and in addition, to clarify certain misperceptions about the disease that, many times, the clog prevention practices and prevent as a society, we can collaborate for that in the country, the cancer can be controlled.
(*) Director of the National Cancer Institute
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