The 2015 Nobel Physics acknowledged yesterday a Japanese and a Canadian to solve the enigma of neutrinos to find their swings, a finding that evidence that have mass and challenges the standard model of particle physics.
The Japanese Takaaki Kajita and Canadian Arthur B. McDonald separately showed that neutrinos metamorphose a “fundamental” for that branch discovery physics and understanding of the universe, said in the ruling, the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. The Japanese team reached that conclusion capturing neutrinos created in reactions between cosmic rays and the atmosphere of the earth; the other, trapping from the sun.
The existence of neutrinos, the largest particles in the universe, was suggested by the Austrian Wolfgang Pauli in 1930, although it would be the Italian Enrico Fermi who eight years later He developed a theory and baptized the new term. But they were not discovered until a quarter century after two American physicists Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan.
Since the 1960s science had calculated theoretically the number of neutrinos created in nuclear reactions that make the sun shine, but when measuring on Earth found that two-thirds were gone.
Located in a zinc mine 250 kilometers from Tokyo, the gigantic Super-Kamiokande detector began operating in 1996, and three years later it did the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) in Ontario (Canada) within a nickel deposit.
In the Super-Kamiokande, built 1,000 meters deep and is a tank with 50,000 tons of water, Kajita team noted that although most of the neutrinos crossed tank, some colliding with an atomic nucleus or an electron.
Intellect.
Takaaki Kajita said his field of research “aims to expand the horizons of human intellect”.
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