“A balanced differential, fair, durable, dynamic, and legally binding” and described the agreement reached in Paris the president of the conference, French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius, on Saturday in the conference center of Le Bourget.
Fabius presented this text accompanied by French President Francois Hollande and the UN secretary general, Ban Ki-moon, before suspending the session to the 195 delegations attending the cop21 could examine it and eventually ratify .
The deal is actually more ambitious than expected at the beginning of this cop21, which initially sought to limit the increase in global warming to 2 ° C ceiling. The text presented Saturday expects to maintain this increase “well below 2 ° C”, and “continue efforts to limit the rise in temperatures to 1.5 ° C compared to the preindustrial era.” That “significantly reduce the risks and impacts of climate change.”
The mention of 1.5 ° C was a vindication of the island nations threatened by rising sea levels.
However, this progress is offset by fragile long-term commitments in the level of global emissions of greenhouse gases, as only reduce foreseen “as soon as possible.” In previous releases figures for this reduction, ranging from 40% to 70% and even 70% to 95% by 2050. These figures, considered too demanding for certain countries were specified, they were deleted from the final draft.
Differentiation efforts
The text presented Saturday is based on the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”, inscribed in the UN Convention on climate 2012. This means that all countries commit but depending on their level of development. And “developed countries should continue to lead” efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, while developing countries should “continue their mitigation efforts”.
To settle the “climate debt” , the North pledged to the South, in 2009, some 100,000 million, by 2020. The text of Paris considers that amount as a “minimum” should be increased. Also, a “new collective amount” shall be decided “before 2025″.
Reviews every five years
This is an essential point of the Paris agreement. “The contributions at the national level”, ie, the promises of each State to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, are insufficient time to limit the increase in global temperature to a maximum of 2 ° C.
The text provides a review mechanism for such national contributions every five years. In theory, these reviews would begin from 2025, but some countries or blocs like the European Union, United States and Brazil have wanted to set an example and have decided to have a first review in 2020.
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