Albert Einstein. -. Agency
Carmen Rodriguez
MADRID |
Albert Einstein presented ago one hundred years his Theory of General Relativity, with which reformulated the foundations of physics. A theory is not easily understood in all its details, but which in quantum physics Dr. Sonia Fernández-Vidal gives some of their key
Q:. What led to the formulation of the theory Relativity at the time?
A: According to classical physics, the Universe was like a giant clock, time and space were the same everywhere and absolute
With the theory of relativity and space. time cease to be absolute and depend on the speed at which we move
Q. Why there are two theories of relativity, a Special and a General?
A: In 1905 Albert Einstein laid the foundations of special relativity, with which it established the cosmic speed limit: the speed of light in vacuum, which is always . constant
A few years later, extended the concepts of special relativity to explain gravity, so was born the General Relativity
Q. Why do you say that Theory of Relativity replaces the Universal Gravitation Newton?
A: Although the laws of Newton assumed an extraordinary technological evolution equations -we enough for Humanity to send the first man to the moon, for three hundred years no scientist arrived understand how gravity worked, even the father of this great theory.
It was in the early twentieth century when a second employee of a Swiss patent office, with only 26 years, opened the Pandora’s box .
With their research papers, Einstein postulated that the speed of light is a cosmic limit that nothing can overcome. This statement opened a gap of disagreement with the great Isaac Newton
Q. What sense Einstein’s statement provoked this clash of titans?
A: According to the theory of gravitation of Newton, gravity is a force that affects objects instantaneously, so that the speed limit is Einstein had jumped to impose .
On this issue, the following Einstein arose: what would happen if a cosmic evil magician would make the sun disappear? According to Newtonian gravitation, the planets of the solar system would leave its orbit instantly fired.
However, Einstein knew that sunlight takes eight minutes to travel the 150 million kilometers to the Earth. That means we would continue seeing the sun in place during those minutes. But then, how could we get out of orbit before becoming dark ?, wondered the young scientist.
When answered this question, Albert Einstein constructed a model in which gravity would not only be instantaneous but it would travel exactly at the speed of light.
had just been born the theory of general relativity. With this theory, Einstein would perform other laborious work of unification: space and time
Q. What is it that space and time are curved?
A. In their model of General Relativity, Einstein creates a space-time fabric whose curvature is what attracts the planets to the Sun can view it as a soft mattress. If we have a stout partner, it will deform the mattress so that we spend the whole night making an effort to avoid falling to him or her. Similarly the fabric of space and time is altered.
In the cosmic mattress, the sun warps space so that attracts around different planets.
So The question we posed before Einstein was resolute: If a magician would make disappear the Sun does not perceive the effect until the gravitational waves that travel at the speed of light, came to Earth, what would happen in 8 minutes <. /> p>
Q: How is it possible that time is relative, ie not elapsed in the same way in all parts of the universe?
A: The speed of light is a kind of cosmic limit, and nothing in the universe can overcome it. Is prohibited! This brings us to one of the effects of the famous Theory of Relativity: when you approach the speed of light, time stretches and things shrink. Time goes slower or faster according to the speed at which you go.
The faster you move, the slower time passes. A moving clock runs slower one standing
But you do not make interstellar travel to suffer the effects of relativity. If we travel from Paris to New York by plane, to get off we will be a quincemillonésima second younger than the friends we left behind
Q. What they have to do black holes with the Theory of Relativity?
A: As we have seen, the sun sinks the space-time fabric. If instead the sun put something bigger, it will sink even more.
Now imagine that we put something so incredibly dense that we got this fabric of space-time is much sink. Until a hole, a black hole is created. As a drain, everything would fall within it, like a waterfall.
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