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The New York Times | Thursday March 5, 2015 | 21:18 hrs
New York – In the Bill Murray film 1993, a weatherman finds himself living the same day over and over again. Now astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope say they have been watching the same star burst asunder in the explosion of a supernova and again, thanks to a phenomenon which is explained through the lens of Einstein.
The star exploded over nine billion years ago at the other end of the universe, so far that even the Hubble telescope can see it without some special help from the cosmos. However, in this case, the rays of light from the star is bent and magnified due to the force of gravity from an intermediate group of galaxies, so the image of the star is multiplied.
Four of these images are placed in a concise formation known as Einstein Cross circling a group of galaxies. Since each beam follows a different path from the star to our planet, each image in the cross represents a different time in the supernova explosion.
This is the first time astronomers have been able see the same explosion that happens continuously, and their properties could help them have a better understanding not only of the nature of this spectacular phenomenon, but other cosmological mysteries such as dark matter and the speed with which it is expanding the universe.
“I was stunned medium,” said Patrick Kelly of the University of California, Berkeley, who discovered the images of the supernova in the data space telescope recorded in November. “Not expecting something.”
Kelly is the principal author of the report where the supernova published yesterday in the journal Science described.
Robert Kirshner, supernovas expert working in Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics Harvard who was not involved in the work, said: “we had already seen gravitational lensing, and we had already seen supernovas. We had even seen a supernova multiplied by the lens effect. But this multiple image is what we all had hoped to see. “
Supernovae are among the rarest and most violent events in the universe, probably occurring once a century in a typical galaxy. Outshine entire galaxies, elementary particles spewing into space as oxygen and gold to form the foundations of new worlds, leaving behind remnants pulverized called neutron stars or black holes.
Because the whole galaxy which is located between the star and the Hubble, “basically we got to see four times the supernova,” Kelly said. And it is expected that over the next 10 years the explosion appears again in another part of the sky. It calculate the delays between appearances, he explained, will allow astronomers to refine the parameters relating to the speed with which it is expanding the universe and map the mysterious dark mass which provides the bulk of the mass and momentum of the Universe.
The skies continue lighting candles dedicated to Albert Einstein. The March 14 had complied physical 136 years, commemorated this year a century since his greatest achievement, the general theory of relativity that transformed the way in which we understand the space, time and gravity. Kelly’s work is published in a special issue of Science dedicated to the anniversary of that theory.
Einstein proposed that matter and energy distort the geometry of space as a heavy body shaking a mattress, producing which we call gravity effect. One consequence of this is that even light rays would be bent by gravity and follow a curved path by surrounding massive objects like the sun, as confirmed dramatically in 1919 during a solar eclipse.
In fact, the same space can become telescope.
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