American geneticists created an autonomous cell with fewer genomes than any previous body, which expands the possibilities of synthetic creation of life, announced in the specialized “Science” magazine.
It is ” building a simpler than any existing cell, “he told Efe biochemist and microbiologist Clyde Hutchison said in a telephone interview.
Clyde Hutchison, along with geneticist Craig Venter, they led the research at the center research that bears his name, Craig Venter Institute in Maryland (USA.).
the new bacterial cell containing only the genes necessary to sustain life in its simplest form.
medical applications of this finding are countless, as it opens the possibility of creating new “chemical or pharmaceutical products” in the long run, said microbiologist.
“We hope to be able to design new cells that never before have occurred, we can build whatever we want, “Hutchison, professor emeritus at the University of North Carolina.
for now, however, said the scientists focus on” learning designing genomes themselves “and applications will come later, said the researcher.
Clyde Hutchison and Craig Venter spent more than two decades researching the genome and synthetic life.
the creation of life synthetic form is different from the so-called “artificial life” as it takes elements that already existed and “simply unites synthetically,” said Hutchison.
with the publication of today, Venter, who created the first synthetic genome, updated its discovery in 2010, when he created the first bacterial synthetic cell capable of self-multiply.
So, it was proved that a computer could design a genome, which in turn could build chemically in a laboratory and then be transplanted.
with this finding, first opened the possibility to eventually create an artificial kind, with all the ethical burden that implies.
Groups of conservative scientists and the Vatican itself then called for “caution” to the new discovery.
Since 2010, get a cell with a lower number of genes became the main objective of geneticists.
Now, the novelty is that the number of essential genes has been reduced and now scientists Maryland proclaimed the creation of a cell with a lower figure than any cell autonomous self-multiplicable that can be found in nature.
in comparison, the genome of the new artificial cell represent less than 2% of the genes that have a human, estimated between 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
“We want to understand how cells work, so that we try to build even more simple than any existing cell (in nature),” said Hutchison.
During the investigation, geneticists had to discern, on a test basis, between the strictly necessary genes for life and those who, despite playing a key role in cell growth, are not required.
in laboratory tests, scientists altered gene order along the gene sequence provided interrupt their original functions and see if the cell was still working.
so, were “whittling” as if a piece of glass it were , to obtain the smallest possible genome
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